III. Articles

Note: Compiling a definitive list of resources on college sports is nearly impossible, and we do not attempt to do so. Instead, we offer the materials below as a starting point for those interested in learning more about the central issues, narratives, and themes that define and inform college sports' history, current state, and future. In other parts of the website, we identify and discuss additional, relevant resources that users may find helpful.

More articles will be added, this is not a comprehensive list. The Resources Tab is a work in progress. We invite and encourage you to suggest additional materials.

Articles identify a tiny fraction of mostly scholarly writings that illustrate essential themes in college sports. Given the breadth, depth, and quality of materials in this category, our list is admittedly modest, but we believe it provides a starting point for further inquiry.

1. Branch, Taylor. “The Shame of College Sports.” The Atlantic, October, 2011, 80–110. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2011/10/the-shame-of-college-sports/308643/

2. Carrier, Michael A., and Marc Edelman. “An Antitrust Analysis of the NCAA Transfer Policy.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2023. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4636414.

3. Colombo, John D., The NCAA, Tax Exemption, and College Athletics, 2010 U. Ill. L. Rev. 109 (2010). Available at https://pennstatelaw.psu.edu/_file/NCAA26.pdf

4. Edelman, Marc, The Future of College Athlete Players Unions: Lessons Learned from Northwestern University, and Potential Next Steps in the College Athletes Rights Movement. Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 38, 2017, Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2830150

5. Erichson, Howard M., Aggregation as Disempowerment: Red Flags in Class Action Settlements 92 Notre Dame L. Rev. 859 (2016)

6. Frey, Darcy. “The Last Shot.” Harper’s, April, 1991, 37–60.

7. Grenardo, David A., The Duke Model: A Performance-Based Solution for Compensating College Athletes, 83 Brook. L. Rev. (2017). Available at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/blr/vol83/iss1/15

8. Jackson, Victoria. “‘We’re All Complicit to an Extent’: How Team USA Uses College Football and Basketball as Funding Sources.” The Athletic, July 22, 2021.

9. Holden, John T., and Marc Edelman & Michael A. McCann, A Short Treatise on College-Athlete Name, Image, and Likeness Rights: How America Regulates College Sports’ New Economic Frontier, 57 Georgia Law Review 1 (2022).

10. Kleen, Brendon. “How Title IX Helped Create NCAA Gender Inequity.” Global Sport Matters, November 10, 2021. https://globalsportmatters.com/opinion/2021/11/09/ncaa-gender-inequity-feature-not-bug-title-ix/.

    Summary of “How Title IX Helped Create NCAA Gender Inequity.”

11. Lazaroff, Daniel E., An Antitrust Exemption for the NCAA: Sound Policy or Letting the Fox Loose in the Henhouse?, 41 Pepp. L. Rev. 229 (2014). Available at: http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/plr/vol41/iss2/2

12. Leroy, Michael H., An Invisible Union for an Invisible Labor Market: College Football and the Union Substitution Effect, 2012 Wis. L. Rev. 1077 (2012). Available at: https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/wlr2012&i=1091

13. McCormick, Amy Christian & Robert A. McCormick, The Emperor's New Clothes: Lifting the NCAA's Veil of Amateurism, 45 San Diego L. Rev. 495 (2008). Available at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2751&context=sdlr

14. McCormick, Amy Christian & Robert A. McCormick, Race and Interest Convergence in NCAA Sports, 2 Wake Forest J.L. & Pol'y 17 (2012). Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2128767

    Summary of Race and Interest Convergence in NCAA Sports

15. McCormick, Robert A., and Amy Christian McCormick, The Myth of the Student-Athlete: The College Athlete As Employee, 81 Wash. L. Rev. 71 (2006). Available at: https://history.msu.edu/hst329/files/2015/05/The-Myth-of-the-Student-Athlete.pdf

16. McCormick, Robert A. and Amy Christian McCormick, A Trail of Tears: The Exploitation of the College Athlete, 11 FLA. COASTAL L. REV. 639 (2010). Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1814253

17. Mitten, Matthew J., "Why and How the Supreme Court Should Have Decided O’Bannon v NCAA" (2017). Faculty Publications. 683. http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/facpub/683

18. Ross, Stephen F., and Matt Mitten, A Regulatory Solution to Better Promote the Educational Values and Economic Sustainability of Intercollegiate Athletics, 92 Or. L. Rev. 837 (2014). Available at https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/facpub/652/

19. Ross, Stephen F., Richard T. Karcher, and S. Baker Kensinger, Judicial Review of NCAA Eligibility Decisions: Evaluation of the Restitution Rule and a Call for Arbitration, 40 J.C. & U.L. 79 (2014).

20. Sappington, Ryan, and Brian TaeHyuk Keum, and Mary Ann Hoffman. “‘Arrogant, Ungrateful, Anti-American Degenerates’: Development and Initial Validation of the Attitudes Toward Athlete Activism Questionnaire (ATAAQ).” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 45 (November 2019): 101552.

21. Schwarz, Andy and Richard J. Volante, The Ninth Circuit Decision in O'Bannon and the Fallacy of Fragile Demand, 26 Marq. Sports L. Rev. 391 (2016) Available at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/sportslaw/vol26/iss2/7

22. Southall, Corr, and Chris Southall, Crystal Southall, and Richard M. Southall. “The ESPNification of Football Bowl Subdivision College Football: The Adoption of an Integrated Marketing Communication Televisuality in Football Bowl Subdivision Bowl Game Broadcasts.” International Journal of Sport Communication 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 139–47.

23. Southall, Richard M., “NCAA Division-I Athletic Departments: 21st Century Company Towns” Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics 7, 161-186 (2014)

24. Southall, Richard M. “NCAA Graduation Rates: A Quarter-Century of Re-Branding Academic Success.” Journal of Intercollegiate Sport 7, no. 2 (December 2014): 120–33.

25. Southall, Richard M., and Ellen J. Staurowsky. "Cheering on The Collegiate Model: Creating, disseminating, and imbedding the NCAA’s redefinition of amateurism." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 37, no. 4 (2013): 403-429. https://www.commerce.senate.gov/services/files/633285bf-1e7c-45a9-9afd-9fcf3c96c54b

    Summary of “Cheering on The Collegiate Model”

26. Southall, R.M., Karcher, R.T. Distributive injustice: an ethical analysis of the NCAA’s “collegiate model of athletics” and its jurisprudence. Int Sports Law J 15, 210–225 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40318-015-0084-6

27. Staurowsky, Ellen J., Title IX and College Sport: The Long Painful Path to Compliance and Reform, 14 Marq. Sports L. Rev. 95 (2003) Available at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/sportslaw/vol14/iss1/25

28. Staurowsky, Ellen J., and Allen L. Sack. "Reconsidering the use of the term student-athlete in academic research." Journal of Sport Management 19, no. 2 (2005): 103-116. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Reconsidering-the-Use-of-the-Term-Student-Athlete-Staurowsky-Sack/62471664d5623557e77c68ca94041e6c89457a82

    Summary of “"Reconsidering the use of the term student-athlete in academic research."

29. Tatos, Ted, and Hal Singer. "Antitrust anachronism: The interracial wealth transfer in collegiate athletics under the consumer welfare standard." The Antitrust Bulletin 66, no. 3 (2021): 396-430. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0003603X211029481

    Summary of “Antitrust anachronism: The interracial wealth transfer in collegiate athletics under the consumer welfare standard.”

30. Tatos, Ted, An Empirical Evaluation of EADA and NCAA College Sports Financial Data: Applications for Research and Litigation, 29 Marq. Sports L. Rev. 411 (2019)

31. Wilhelm, Mark T., Irrevocable but Unenforceable? Collegiate Athletic Conferences' Grant of Rights, 8 Harv. J. Sports & Ent. L. 63 (2017). Available at https://www.troutman.com/a/web/344419/Wilhelm.pdf

    Summary of “Irrevocable but Unenforceable? Collegiate Athletic Conferences’ Grant of Rights”