I. INTRODUCTION

II. KEY TAKEAWAYS

III. LABOR AND EMPLOYEE PROTECTIONS

A. National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

1.  Unionization: Northwestern Football (2014)

2.  The Abruzzo Memo: “Misclassification” (September 2021)

3.  Unionization: Dartmouth Basketball (2023)

B. U.S. Department of Labor Wage and Hour Division

C.Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) 

D. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

E. The NCAA and Power 5’s Anti-Employee Campaign in Congress

IV. Civil Rights

A. U.S. Department of Education Office of Civil Rights (OCR) and U.S. Department of Civil Rights Division

1. Sex Discrimination (Title IX)

2. Race (Title VI)

B. U.S. Department of Justice Criminal Division 

V. BUSINESS REGULATION/CONSUMER PROTECTION

A.The SPARTA Precedent

VI. ANTITRUST

A. U.S. Department of Justice Antitrust Division (DOJ) 

B.  Federal Trade Commission Bureau of Competition (FTCBC) 

VII. TAX

VIII. CLOSING THOUGHTS